HIV can be transmitted through only three routes

Despite ongoing public awareness campaigns, many people still hold misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted. Some believe the virus can spread through handshakes, sharing utensils, or even kissing. In reality, HIV requires specific conditions and a sufficient viral load to be transmitted, and it can only happen through a few specific routes.

Unprotected Sex Remains the Primary Risk

Having sex without using a condom remains the most common way HIV is transmitted. The risk is especially high during anal or vaginal sex without protection. Using condoms correctly and consistently every time is still one of the most effective ways to prevent HIV transmission between sexual partners.

Sharing Needles Poses a Serious Threat

Sharing needles, particularly among people who inject drugs, creates a direct pathway for HIV to enter the bloodstream. If one person is infected, the virus can easily be passed on to others through contaminated needles. This makes harm reduction efforts and access to clean injection equipment vital for prevention.

Mother-to-Child Transmission Can Be Prevented

HIV can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. However, with proper medical care and early intervention, the risk of transmission can be significantly reduced. Pregnant women living with HIV who receive antiretroviral treatment can greatly increase the chances of having an HIV-negative baby.

Prevention Starts With Awareness and Responsibility

While there is still no cure for HIV, it is a highly preventable condition. Accurate knowledge and self-awareness are powerful tools in reducing transmission. Talking openly about HIV is no longer taboo—it’s a responsible act of self-care and care for others, and it helps create a healthier, more informed community.