What Is PEP and Who Should Use It ?

PEP, or Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , is an antiretroviral medication used in emergency situations after potential exposure to HIV. It is designed to stop the virus from establishing itself in the body. PEP is appropriate for unexpected situations such as unprotected sex, condom breakage, sharing needles, or in cases of sexual assault. To be most effective, PEP must be started within 72 hours of the exposure.

Timing Is Critical for PEP to Work Effectively

Starting PEP as soon as possible after exposure is essential, as the effectiveness of the medication decreases with time. Ideally, it should be taken within the first 2 hours, and no later than 3 days after the incident. The full course requires taking the medication daily for 28 consecutive days without missing a dose, in order to maintain the drug level in the body and stop the virus from replicating.

Possible Side Effects of PEP

While PEP is highly effective in preventing HIV infection, it can cause side effects in some individuals. These may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue, dizziness, or insomnia. In most cases, these symptoms are mild and resolve within 1 to 2 weeks. However, if side effects are severe or persist longer than two weeks, it is important to consult a doctor immediately.

How to Use PEP Safely and Effectively

PEP should always be used under the supervision of a medical professional. A doctor will conduct blood tests to confirm you are not already HIV-positive and check for any conditions that may affect the use of the medication. During the 28-day course, your healthcare provider will also guide you on how to take the medication properly, monitor for side effects, and schedule follow-up testing to assess your health after treatment is completed.

PEP Is a Critical Opportunity After an Emergency Exposure

PEP is not a substitute for long-term HIV prevention methods but serves as an important emergency option in high-risk situations. Understanding how and when to use PEP is vital, especially for those at risk of potential HIV exposure. Timely access to this medication can make the difference between staying HIV-negative or not — and give you the opportunity to return to your normal life with peace of mind and confidence in your health.